{"id":3542,"date":"2017-11-17T17:44:41","date_gmt":"2017-11-17T23:44:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/scottaaronson.blog\/?p=3542"},"modified":"2017-12-19T14:14:50","modified_gmt":"2017-12-19T20:14:50","slug":"the-destruction-of-graduate-education-in-the-united-states","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/scottaaronson.blog\/?p=3542","title":{"rendered":"The destruction of graduate education in the United States"},"content":{"rendered":"

If and when you emerged from your happiness bubble to read the news, you’ll have seen (at least if you live in the US) that the\u00a0cruel and reckless tax bill<\/a> has passed the House of Representatives, and remains only to be reconciled with an equally-vicious Senate bill and then voted on by the Republican-controlled Senate.\u00a0 The bill will add about $1.7 trillion<\/a> to the national debt and raise taxes for about 47.5 million people<\/a>, all in order to deliver a massive windfall to corporations, and to wealthy estates that already pay some of the lowest taxes in the developed world.<\/p>\n

In a still-functioning democracy, those of us against such a policy would have an intellectual obligation to seek out the strongest arguments in favor of the policy and try to refute them.\u00a0 By now, though, it seems to me that the Republicans hold the public in such contempt, and are so sure of the power of gerrymandering and voter restrictions to protect themselves from consequences, that they didn’t even bother to\u00a0bring anything to the debate more substantive than the schoolyard bully’s “stop punching yourself.”\u00a0 I guess some of them still repeat the fairytale about the purpose of tax cuts for the super-rich being to trickle down and help everyone else—but can even they advance that “theory” anymore without stifling giggles?\u00a0\u00a0Mostly, as far as I can tell, they just brazenly deny that they’re doing what they obviously are<\/em> doing: i.e., gleefully setting on fire anything that anyone, regardless of their ideology, could recognize as the national interest, in order to enrich a small core of supporters.<\/p>\n

But none of that is what interests me in this post—because it’s “merely” as bad as, and no worse than, what one knew to expect when a coalition of thugs, kleptocrats, and white-nationalist demagogues seized control of Hamilton’s and Jefferson’s experiment.\u00a0 My concern here is only with the “kill shot” that the Republicans have now aimed, with terrifying precision, at the system that’s kept American academic science the envy of the world in spite of the growing dysfunction all around it.<\/p>\n

As you’ve probably heard, one of the ways Republicans intend to pay for their tax giveaway, is to change the tax code so that graduate students will now need to pay taxes on “tuition”<\/em><\/a>—a large sum of money (as much as $50,000\/year) that PhD students never actually see, that can easily exceed the stipends they do<\/em> see, and that’s basically just an accounting trick that serves the internal needs of universities and granting agencies.\u00a0 Again, to eliminate any chance of misunderstanding: PhD students, who are effectively low-wage employees,\u00a0already<\/em> pay taxes on their actual stipends.\u00a0 The new proposal is that they’ll\u00a0also<\/em>\u00a0have to pay taxes on a whopping, make-believe “X” on their payroll sheet that’s always exactly balanced out by “-X.”<\/p>\n

For detailed analyses of the impacts, see, e.g.\u00a0Luca Trevisan’s post<\/a> or Inside Higher Ed<\/a><\/em> or the Chronicle of Higher Ed<\/em><\/a> or Vox<\/a><\/em>\u00a0or NPR<\/a>.\u00a0 Briefly, though, the proposal would raise taxes by a few thousand dollars per year, or in some cases as much as $10,000 per year (!), on PhD students who already live hand-to-mouth-to-ramen-bowl, with the largest impact falling on students in STEM fields.\u00a0 For many students who aren’t independently wealthy, this could push a PhD beyond the realm of affordability, and cause them to leave academia or to do their graduate work in other countries.<\/p>\n

“But isn’t there some workaround?”\u00a0 Indeed, financial ignoramus that I am, my first reaction was to ask: if PhD tuition is basically an accounting fiction anyway, then why can’t the universities just declare that the tuition in question no longer exists, or is now zero dollars?\u00a0 Feel free to explain further in the comments if you understand this stuff, but as far as I can tell, the answer is: because PhD tuition is<\/em> used to calculate how much “tax” the universities can take from professors’ grant money.\u00a0 If universities could no longer take that tax, and they had no other way to make up for it, then except for the richest few universities, they’d have to scale back research and teaching pretty drastically.\u00a0 To avoid that outcome, the universities would be relying on the granting agencies to let them keep taking the overhead they needed to operate, even though the “PhD tuition” no longer existed.\u00a0 But the granting agencies aren’t set up for this: you can’t just throw a bomb into one part of a complicated bureaucratic machine built up over decades, and expect the machine to continue working with no disruption to science.<\/p>\n

But more ominously: as my friend Daniel Harlow and many others pointed out, it’s hard to look at the indefensible, laser-specific meanness of this policy, without suspecting that for many in Congress, the destruction of American higher education isn’t a regrettable byproduct, but the\u00a0goal<\/em>—just another piece of red meat to throw to the base.\u00a0 If so, then we’d expect Congress to direct federal granting agencies not<\/em> to loosen their rules about overhead, thereby forcing the students to pay the tax, and achieving the desired destruction.\u00a0 (Note that the Trump administration has already<\/a>\u00a0made tightening overhead rules—i.e., doing the exact opposite of what would be needed to counteract the new tax—a central focus of its attempt to cut federal research funding.)<\/p>\n

OK, two concluding thoughts:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. When Republicans in Congress defended<\/a>\u00a0Trump’s travel ban, they at least had the craven excuse that they were only following the lead of the populist strongman who’d taken over their party.\u00a0 Here they don’t even have that.\u00a0 As far as I know, this targeted destruction of American higher education was\u00a0Congress’s<\/em>\u00a0initiative, not Trump’s—which to me, underscores again the feather-thinness of any moral distinction between the Vichy GOP leadership and the administration with which it collaborates.\u00a0 Trump didn’t emerge from nowhere.\u00a0 It took decades of effort—George W. Bush, Sarah Palin, Karl Rove, Rush Limbaugh, Mitch McConnell, and all the rest—to transform the GOP into the pure seething cauldron of anti-intellectual resentment and hatred that we know today.<\/li>\n
  2. Given the existential risk to American higher education, why didn’t I blog about this earlier?\u00a0 The answer is embarrassing to admit, and reflects no credit on me.\u00a0 It’s simply that\u00a0I didn’t believe it<\/em>—even given all the other stuff that could “never happen in the US,” until it happened this past year.\u00a0 I didn’t believe it, not because it was too far from me but because it was too close—because if true, it would mean the crippling of the research world in which I’ve spent most of my life since age 15, so therefore it couldn’t<\/em> be true.\u00a0 Surely even the House Republicans would realize they’d screwed up this time, and would take out this crazy provision before the full bill was voted on?\u00a0 Or surely there’s some workaround that makes the whole thing less awful than it sounds?\u00a0 There has to be … right?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Anyway, what else is there to say, except to call your representative<\/a>, if you’re American and still have the faith in the system that such an act implies.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    If and when you emerged from your happiness bubble to read the news, you’ll have seen (at least if you live in the US) that the\u00a0cruel and reckless tax bill has passed the House of Representatives, and remains only to be reconciled with an equally-vicious Senate bill and then voted on by the Republican-controlled Senate.\u00a0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"_wpas_customize_per_network":false},"categories":[16,8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3542","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-rage-against-doofosity","category-the-fate-of-humanity"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/scottaaronson.blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3542","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/scottaaronson.blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/scottaaronson.blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scottaaronson.blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scottaaronson.blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3542"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/scottaaronson.blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3542\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3594,"href":"https:\/\/scottaaronson.blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3542\/revisions\/3594"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/scottaaronson.blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3542"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scottaaronson.blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3542"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scottaaronson.blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3542"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}